Brian, I remember a similar question was raised last year (around Sept. 20, 1998 ) on the list and there was a series of references suggested. I join a compilation of them . At the end of the list I cite a paper that gives normal values for antigen expression (molecules/cell rather than cell numbers/ml) on various CD markers. This may provide normal values for those interested in quantitative flow cytometry. In this field as well, reference values are of high interest, since dramatic changes of antigen expression may well arise in pathological situations. For example we are initiating studies for quantitating the expression of Fas/CD95 in infants. Mean levels of Fas on infant T cells is normally low and we anticipate high values will be encountered in viral infections, as already suggested by published phenotypic studies in HIV-infected children.That might be an interesting alternative to quantitation of CD38 which is already elevated in young healthy children. Bitter, WMC, et al.Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes in childhood: reference values for lymphocyte subpopulations, J Pediatr, 130: 388-393, 1997. Kotylo, PK, et al. Reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets in pediatric patients, Am J Clin Pathol, 100: 111-115, 1993. Denny, T, et al. Lymphocyte subsets in healthy children during the first 5 years of life, JAMA, 267: 1484-1488, 1992. Aldhous, MC, et al. Age related ranges of memory, activation, and cytotoxic markers on CD4 and CD8 cells in children, J Clin Immunol, 14: 289-298, 1994. Mc Closkey, TW, et al. Immunophenotyping of T lymphocytes by three color flow cytometry in healthy newborns, children, and adults, Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 84: 46-55, 1997. Comans-Bitter WM et al (1997) Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes in childhood The Journal of Pediatrics, 130, 388-393 Cytometry, Sep 15 1994, 18(3) p129-139 Quality control in flow cytometry for diagnostic pathology: II. A conspectus of reference ranges for lymphocyte immunophenotyping Bikoué A. et al.; Quantitative Analysis of leukocyte membrane antigen expression on human fetal and cord blood: normal values and changes during development (1997) Clin.Immunol.Immunopathol.,84:56-64. This paper deals with normal ranges of CD Ag expression levels. Hope this helps. Philippe Poncelet Director R&D BioCytex Marseille, France
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