RE: dual immunofluorescence of bacteria

From: Gerhard Nebe-von-Caron (Gerhard.Nebe-von-Caron@Unilever.com)
Date: Tue Oct 09 2001 - 17:15:44 EST


Depends what you mean with double labelling. I tend to use goat-anti-mouse*PE
(Fab2) from Dako together with carboxyfluorescein and PI in culture models and
gam*FITC (Fab2) together with ethidium bromide and propidium iodide in dental
plaque samples for the detection of functional cell status combined with
antibody differentiation.  (see
http://www.elsevier.com/homepage/sah/mimet/speciss/1378.pdf from a special
issue of http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jmicmeth)
If you want to use 2 antibodies you might you might consider premixing them
with the secondaries for convenience or even better use isotype specific 2nd
step antibodies if your primaries are of different isotype. For real impressive
4-antibody work look at
Hutter, K.J. (1992) Simultaneous multiparametric flow cytometric analysis of
different species of microorganisms. Monatsschrift Fur Brauwissenschaft 45,
280-284.

	Identification by immunological methods
Cell differentiation by antigen-antibody recognition is the major application
of FCM in immunology, where white blood cells are identified by functional
epitopes via fluorescent labelled antibodies.  Perhaps because the antibody
recognition has proven quite successful in the evolution of the immune system,
it is the most frequently used bio-recognition assay these days.  There are
also ever increasing numbers of antibody based ‘rapid tests’ in microbiology
like the latex agglutination or the Clearview tests from Oxoid Basingstoke UK,
used for culture confirmation or direct testing from for clinical samples.
Despite their widespread use in bulk assays and even fluorescent microscopy,
there is only a limited amount of literature about bacterial differentiation by
antibodies in flow cytometry.  A lot of the early publications suffered from
poor cluster separation of the antibody labelled event from the background, but
Sahar et al (Sahar et al. 1983) already demonstrated the advantage of
counterstaining with ethidium bromide to discriminate bacteria from other
particles.  Others successfully used propidium iodide for that purpose (Tyndall
et al. 1985; Donnelly and Baigent, 1986; Völsch et al. 1990).  Such
counterstaining is not always required, in particular when handling cultured
cells which give rise to stronger light scatter signals.  Thus in turn they can
be used to assay antibodies in serum and the vaccination efficacy in men
(Sachsenmeier et al. 1992; Callister et al. 1994; Lim et al. 1994; Callister et
al. 1996; Creson et al. 1996; Padilla et al. 1996).  Enhanced differentiation
by multicolour antibody fluorescence has been demonstrated using separate
fluorochromes for two antibodies (McClelland and Pinder, 1994) and four
antibodies (Hutter, 1992) simultaneously with a single wavelength excitation.
More recent studies by image and flow cytometry have even used combinations of
immunofluorescence, rRNA probes (Li et al. 1997) and total DNA labelling
(Assmus et al. 1997; Wallner et al. 1997).


Regards
Gerhard Nebe-von-Caron

Research Scientist
Applied Science & Technology Group
SEAC - Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre
Unilever Research, Colworth Laboratory, Sharnbrook, UK - MK44 1LQ

Tel: +44 (0)1234 264822, Fax: +44 (0)1234 222552
E- mailto:Gerhard.Nebe-von-Caron@unilever.com




-----Original Message-----
From:	Jane S. Miller [SMTP:miller@medicine.tamu.edu]
Sent:	Wednesday, October 03, 2001 2:18 PM
To:	Cytometry Mailing List
Subject:	dual immunofluorescence of bacteria


Has anyone double labeled bacteria for immunofluorescence using the indirect
method (primary & secondary antibodies)?  I have a client who is trying to do
this.
Any helpful hints would be appreciated.  Jane Miller, Dept. Med. Micro &
Immunol.,
Texas A&M Hlth. Sci. Ctr.,  College Station, TX



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