Re: FW: paraformaldehyde vs formaldehyde

From: Margaret Tropea (mtropea@nih.gov)
Date: Thu Aug 10 2000 - 02:13:04 EST


If you look in the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics under the physical
constants of organic compounds they list formaldehyde (or methanal HCHO) as
a gas.  I agree with you about usage.  I ran around about three years ago to
the histology department about the "definitions" of formaldehyde,
paraformaldehyde and formalin and nobody really knew what the distinction
between them was (although most people knew that paraformaldehyde solid was
used to make the solution, that you needed to boil the stuff in a chemical
fume hood and that after a short period of time it repolymerized and fell
out of solution).  Histologists just buy the stuff with the methanol in it
by the gallon and don't really concern themselves with the chemistry.  I use
the formalin solution from polysciences for flow and have been very
satisified with it.  It was recommended by Carleton Stewart in "Flow
Cytometry, Second Edition".

Margaret



>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: DARZYNKIEWICZ ZBIGNIEW [SMTP:DARZYNK@nymc.edu]
>> Sent: Wednesday, May 31, 2000 4:34 PM
>> To:	Cytometry Mailing List
>> Subject:	FW: paraformaldehyde vs formaldehyde
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> > A year ago I responded to similar querry about paraformaldehyde vs
>> > formaldehyde. I am enclosing my response below..
>> >
>> >
>> > -----Original Message-----
>> > From: DARZYNKIEWICZ ZBIGNIEW [SMTP:DARZYNK@nymc.edu]
>> > Sent: Friday, May 21, 1999 2:52 PM
>> > To: Cytometry Mailing List
>> > Subject:	paraformaldehyde vs formaldehyde
>> >
>> >
>> > Paraformaldehyde is a polymerized form formaldehyde. It is hardly
>> soluble
>> > and it cannot be used as a fixative. Only formaldehyde is used as a
>> > fixative.	However, formaldehyde in aqueous solutions spontaneously
>> > polymerizes. Therefore, methanol is often added to slowdown the
>> > polymerization reaction. Solutions of formaldehyde (usually ~ 37%) in
>> > water,
>> > containig 10-15 % methanol as a preservative are generally called
>> > "formaldehyde"; such solutions are being sold by most reagent
companies.
>> > Solutions further diluted (4-10 %) received name "formalin".
>> > Methanol-free formaldehyde, which sometimes is preferred (e.g. for
>> fixing
>> > cells for some some histochemical	reactions or in
immunocytochemistry),
>> > can
>> > be obtained by hydrolysis of paraformaldehyde. This is usually done by
>> > extensive heating of paraformaldehyde solutions. Because of this
>> procedure
>> > the methanol-free formaldehyde received (incorrrectly) the name
>> > "paraformaldehyde". In the past, this was the most common way to obtain

>> > methanol-free formaldehyde. Unfortunately, this incorrect name  is
still
>> > often used in the literature, generating the confusion. The
>> methanol-free
>> > formaldehyde solutions can now be purchased. Some are called
>> "ultrapure".
>> > We
>> > purchase such solutions (10%) from Polysciences, Inc. (800-523-2575);
>> they
>> > can be stored at room temperature. I would not recommend, however, to
>> > store
>> > them longer than one year, since formaldehyde in these solutions still
>> has
>> > tendency to polymerize. It should be noted that all formaldehyde
>> solutions
>> > are highly toxic and carcinogenic.
>>
> Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
>Brander Cancer Research Institute
>New York Medical College
>19 Bradhurst Ave.
>Hawthorne, NY 10532
>tel: 914-347-2801
>fax: 914-347-2804
>http://www.geocities.com/z_darzynkiewicz
>>
>> >
"The opinions stated above are the authors own, and should not be construed
as
U.S. Government endorsement of a specific vendor, nor used in any
publication
to indicate endorsement by the U. S. government or any of its agencies."

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Margaret M. Tropea
Critical Care Medicine Department
National Institutes of Health
(ph) 301-496-7752
(fax) 301-480-3389
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>



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