FW: paraformaldehyde vs formaldehyde

From: DARZYNKIEWICZ ZBIGNIEW (DARZYNK@nymc.edu)
Date: Wed May 31 2000 - 15:34:02 EST


> A year ago I responded to similar querry about paraformaldehyde vs
> formaldehyde. I am enclosing my response below..
>
PS. The "fixation efficiency" in terms of the  rate of crsosslinking and
other formaldehyde reactions should be quite similar in solutions that
contain methanol-free formaldehyde vs. formaldehyde with minor contamination
of  methanol (e.g. about 0 3%  methanol at 1 % formaldehyde concentration)

>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: DARZYNKIEWICZ ZBIGNIEW [SMTP:DARZYNK@nymc.edu]
> Sent: Friday, May 21, 1999 2:52 PM
> To:	Cytometry Mailing List
> Subject:	paraformaldehyde vs formaldehyde
>
>
> Paraformaldehyde is a polymerized form formaldehyde. It is hardly soluble
> and it cannot be used as a fixative. Only formaldehyde is used as a
> fixative.  However, formaldehyde in aqueous solutions spontaneously
> polymerizes. Therefore, methanol is often added to slowdown the
> polymerization reaction. Solutions of formaldehyde (usually ~ 37%) in
> water,
> containig 10-15 % methanol as a preservative are generally called
> "formaldehyde"; such solutions are being sold by most reagent companies.
> Solutions further diluted (4-10 %) received name "formalin".
> Methanol-free formaldehyde, which sometimes is preferred (e.g. for fixing
> cells for some some histochemical  reactions or in immunocytochemistry),
> can
> be obtained by hydrolysis of paraformaldehyde. This is usually done by
> extensive heating of paraformaldehyde solutions. Because of this procedure
> the methanol-free formaldehyde received (incorrrectly) the name
> "paraformaldehyde". In the past, this was the most common way to obtain
> methanol-free formaldehyde. Unfortunately, this incorrect name  is still
> often used in the literature, generating the confusion. The methanol-free
> formaldehyde solutions can now be purchased. Some are called "ultrapure".
> We
> purchase such solutions (10%) from Polysciences, Inc. (800-523-2575); they
> can be stored at room temperature. I would not recommend, however, to
> store
> them longer than one year, since formaldehyde in these solutions still has
> tendency to polymerize. It should be noted that all formaldehyde solutions
> are highly toxic and carcinogenic.
> Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
>
>



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