Re: discordant results from flow and microscopy

From: Derek (flow@post.queensu.ca)
Date: Tue Jan 22 2002 - 10:38:42 EST


I would think you are seeing autofluorescence contribution in your flow
results.  I am assuming your control samples on the flow were all fine and
reasonable voltages were applied to the PMTs.

Most microscopes use a dichroic and longpass filter configuration which
will let autofluorescence through.  Since our eyes have a difficult time
distinguishing between intensities of diffuse versus punctate (we tend to
overestimate punctate and underestimate diffuse) I would also suggest doing
some image analysis with some digital images and looking at fluorescence
intensities of cells.

The only other thing I can suggest would be to look at the linear signal on
flow for any sign of subtle changes otherwise lost in the Log signal.

At 10:38 AM 1/15/02 -0500, you wrote:

>Hello out there in flow land,
>
>I am trying to help a colleague who is examining expression of a cell
>surface (endogenous) marker and a cytosolic (viral protein) marker. She
>got different results by flow from those obtained by microscopy.
>Expression levels of the viral protein vary from cell to cell in these
>clonal populations (for interesting reasons which I am not at liberty to
>discuss). By microscopy, she sees two distinct cell populations; the
>expression of the cell surface and cytosolic antigens are mutually
>exclusive. By flow, we expected to see the same 2 cell populations.
>Instead, there was a single staining pattern and most cells appeared to
>be stained for both antigens.
>
>We have confirmed that this is not a compensation issue. There does not
>appear to be a problem of background staining or a cross-reactive
>secondary antibody. We do not get this result with cells (different
>clones, derived from the same parental line) that do not express the
>viral protein.
>
>We are considering various technical reasons for this discrepancy. If
>any of you have experience in this area, your
>comments and suggestions are most appreciated.
>
>Possible technical sources of trouble?
>1. The cells are adherent. For microscopy, she grew them on coverslips.
>For flow, she grew them to the same density on plastic, and removed them
>by two different methods: scraping or trypsin. Either method gave us the
>same problem. She prefers to scrape the cells to avoid loss of the
>surface marker.
>
>2. Both of the antigens are stained indirectly (unlabeled primary,
>fluorochrome-conjugated secondary). The antibody combination for the
>surface antigen is unchanged. For the cytosolic antigen, a mouse primary
>is detected with Texas Red-conjgated 2° for microcopy, but a
>PE-conjugated 2° for flow.  We do not have much background staining, as
>demonstrated by staining a matched clone that does not express the
>target protein.
>
>3. Fixation and permeabilization: for microscopy, the cells were grown
>on coverslips, fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde, and stained in the presence
>of 0.1% Triton X-100. For flow, the scraped or trypsinized cells were
>fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde, then permeabilized, stained, and washed
>in the presence of  0.1% saponin. In each case, the protocols were
>chosen because they have worked for that particular application in other
>experiments.
>
>4. Gating: Cells were filtered before running on the cytometer. We were
>able to detect cell debris, single cells and small aggregates (as judged
>by forward and side scatter, and checked on the microscope). We gated
>separately on the single cells and on the aggregates, with the same
>results.
>
>5. Antigen distribution: When examined by microscopy, the cytosolic
>viral antigen is localized in discrete regions of the cell. The punctate
>distribution may make it easier to see small amounts of antigen. The
>membrane antigen, by contrast, is distributed all over the cell surface.
>
>The cytometer is a FACSCalibur set up to use 4 colors (we routinely use
>Alexa 488/fluorescein, phycoerythrin, PerCP, and Allophycocyanin at the
>same time). The microscope is a Nikon Eclipse TE300 with filters for
>fluorescein or Alexa 488, Texas Red, and Hoechst.
>
>Sorry for the long-winded letter. Any ideas on how to sort this out?
>Many, many thanks in advance.
>**********************************************
>Lynn B. Dustin, Ph.D.
>Center for the Study of Hepatitis C
>Rockefeller University
>Box 64
>1230  York Ave.
>New York, New York 10021
>Phone: 212-327-7067
>FAX: 212-327-7048
>email: dustinl@mail.rockefeller.edu

Derek Schulze
Flow Cytometry and Confocal Microscopy Facility Manager
Cancer Research Labs
Queen's University
Kingston, ON
Canada
http://meds.queensu.ca/medicine/crl/flow/



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