Hi Steve, I first have to admit that we do not have experience with the DO.11 cells you mention, however we do have a lot of experience in T cell stimulation using monoclonal antibodies. At CLB we developed a CD3 antibody, clone CLB-T3/4.E, of the IgE isotype which is able to stimulate T cells directly, without the need for a second signal. This IgE antibody was developed as a switch variant originating from an IgG1 anti CD3, clone CLB-T3/4. On the other hand, in general, two signals are required to activate T lymphocytes into proliferation. In vivo, two signals are e.g. stimulation by antigen and binding of a ligand to a counter structure on the T cell membrane. In vitro, both signals can be given by the proper combination of monoclonal antibodies. In this respect, monoclonal antibodies against CD2 (CLB-T11.1/1 and CLB-T11.2/1) and CD28 (CLB-CD28/1) have provided much information on the stimulatory mechanism. The binding of CD28 to T cells was found to enhance stimulation of cells by anti-CD2 and CD3. Therefore, CD28 is regarded as a co-stimulatory molecule. If you want more information or references I would advise you to visit our web site at: www.clb.nl <http://www.clb.nl> . Best regards, John Voorn Product manager CLB Reagents tel: +31-20-5123246 Plesmanlaan 125 fax: +311-20-5123570 1066CX Amsterdam E-mail: J_Voorn@CLB.nl <mailto:J_Voorn@CLB.nl> the Netherlands Site: WWW.CLB.nl <http://WWW.CLB.nl>
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