| Chemical Groups and General Mechanisms of Antiprotozoan Drugs | ||
|---|---|---|
| Group | Typical Drug | Spectrum |
| Nitroimidazoles | Metronidazole, FlagylR Tinidazole, FasiginR, FasigynR |
Anaerobic bacteria, Trichomonas spp., Giardia, Amoebiasis |
| Tetracyclines | Doxycycline Minocycline Tetracycline |
Amoebae, mucosal flagellates, coccidia, malaria, prioplasms, cliates |
| Sulfonamides | Sulfadiazine sulfamethoxazole many |
coccidia, Pneumocystis carinii, (Particularly when combined with a diaminopyrimidine) |
| Combination sulfonamide+diaminopyrimidine | Sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim, CotrimethoxazoleR, BactrimR,SeptraR sulfadimethoxine+ormetoprim, RofenaidR, PrimorR Dapsone+pyrimethamine, MaloprimR |
Coccidiosis + other protozoans, e.g., Pneumocystis carinii, RofenaidR only approved poultry coccidiostat |
| Benzimidazoles | Albendazole Mebendazole Fenbendazole(?) |
Giardia spp. Amoebiasis |
| Aminoglycosides | Paromomycin | Cryptosporidiosis in calves |
| Nitrofurans | Furazolidone Nitrofurazone Nifurtimox, LampitR |
Coccidosis |
| Pentavalent Antimonials | Sodium Stibogluconate, PentostamR Meglumine antimonate, GlucantimeR |
Leishmaniasis |
| 4-Aminoquinolines | Chloroquine | Malaria, erythrocytic forms |
| 8-aminoquinolines | Primaquine | Malaria, hepatic forms |
| Diaminopyrimidines | Pyrimethamine, DaraprimR Trimethoprim Ormetoprim Diaveridine |
Malaria, erythrocytic forms |
| Quinine | Quinacrine, AtebrineR Quinine Mefloquine (LariumR) |
Giardia spp., Malaria |
| Hydroxyquinolones & Naphthoquinones | Buquinolate Decoquinate Nequinate Buparvaguone, Parvaquone, Atovaquone |
coccidiostates |
| Pyridinol | Clopidol | Anticoccidial |
| Thiamine analog | Amprolium, AmprolR, CoridR | Coccidiostat |
| MISC | Diloxanide furoate Iodoquinol Paromomycin |
Entamoeba histolytica |
| Arsenicals | Carbarsone Nitarsone Roxarsone |
Obsolete |
| 1If rafoxanide acts as other salicylanilides Refs: Barragry'95 Webster, LT, Jr., GG8th'90 USPDI'94 Courtney & Roberson'95 | ||