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BMS 631 - LECTURE 1
Flow Cytometry: Theory

J.Paul Robinson
Professor of Immunopharmacology
Professor of Biomedical Engineering
Schools of Veterinary Medicine & Engineering
Purdue University
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Structure of this course
  • Lectures: The class consists primarily of lectures and lecture discussions with mini tutorials as necessary.
  • Practicals: There are no practical components to the 631 course. We will however, look at some instruments and instrument components to gain some perspectives.
  • Quizes: There is a midterm quiz and an end of term quiz. They are worth 60% of the grade.
  • Seminar:  Each student must present a seminar at the conclusion of the course. This seminar must be discussed with the course director prior to preparation. This is worth 30% of the final grade.
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Sources of information
  • Flow Cytometry and Sorting, 2nd ed. (M.R. Melamed, T. Lindmo, M.L. Mendelsohn, eds.), Wiley-Liss, New York, 1990 - referred to here as MLM


  • Flow Cytometry: Instrumentation and Data Analysis (M.A. Van Dilla, P.N. Dean, O.D. Laerum, M.R. Melamed, eds.), Academic Press, London, 1985 – referred to as VDLM


  • Practical Flow Cytometry 3nd edition (1994),H. Shapiro: Alan R. Liss, New York - referred to as PFC


  • Introduction to Flow Cytometry. J. Watson, Cambridge Press, 1991 referred to as IFC


  • Methods in Cell Biology: v.40,41, 63, 64 Darzynkiewicz, Robinson & Crissman, Academic Press, 1994, 2000 MCB


  • Data Analysis in Flow Cytometry:A Dynamic Approach-Book on CDROM  M. Ormerod referred to as DAFC


  • Flow Cytometry: First Principles. (2nd Ed) Alice Longobardi Givan, Wiley-Liss, 2001 referred to as AFCFP
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Sources
  • Flow Cytometry and Sorting, 2nd ed. (M.R. Melamed, T. Lindmo, M.L. Mendelsohn, eds.), Wiley-Liss, New York, 1990 - referred to here as MLM


  • Flow Cytometry: Instrumentation and Data Analysis (M.A. Van Dilla, P.N. Dean, O.D. Laerum, M.R. Melamed, eds.), Academic Press, London, 1985 - VDLM


  • Practical Flow Cytometry 4th edition (2003),H. Shapiro: Alan R. Liss, New York - PFC
  • Introduction to Flow Cytometry. J. Watson, Cambridge Press, 1991 IFC


  • Methods in Cell Biology: v.40,41, 62, 63 Darzynkiewicz, Robinson & Crissman, Academic Press, 1994,  (Vol 62,63, 2000) MCB


  • Data Analysis in Flow Cytometry:A Dynamic Approach-Book on CDROM  M. Ormerod  DAFC


  • Flow Cytometry: First Principles. 2nd Edition Alice Longobardi Givan, Wiley-Liss, 2000 AFCFP
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Methods and Practical Assistance
  • For help with protocols there are several choices including the MCB references on the previous slide (Methods in Cell Biology)
  • The Handbook of Flow Cytometry Methods
  • Current Protocols in Cytometry
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Reference Material
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Additional Sources
  • Powerpoint presentations references as J.Paul Robinson (JPR); Robert Murphry (RFM), Carleton Stewart (CS)
  • Web sources of these presentation are:
  • http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/flowcyt/educate/pptslide.htm
  • http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/flowcyt/educate1.htm
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Week 1
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Student Seminars
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General introduction to flow cytometry
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Publications using the keyword “flow cytometry” from
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Technical Components
  • Detection Systems
  • Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs)
        • Historically 1-2
        • Current Instruments 3-9
  • Diodes
      • Light scatter detectors
  • Illumination Systems
  • Lasers (350-363, 405, 420, 457, 488, 514, 532, 600, 633 nm)
      • Argon ion, Krypton ion, HeNe, HeCd, Yag
      • Arc Lamps
      • Mercury, Mercury-Xenon (most lines)
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Stains...
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Fluorescence Labeling Technique
  • Coons et al 1941 - developed the fluorescence antibody technique  - they labeled antipneumococcal antibodies with anthracine allowing them to detect both the organism and the antibody in tissue using UV excited blue fluorescence
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Avery
  • (1944)  Oswald T. Avery (1887-1955) - demonstrated that DNA was the carrier of genetic information


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Gucker - 1947
  • Developed a flow cytometer for detection of bacteria in aerosols
  • Published paper in 1947 (work was done during WWII and was classified).
  • Goal was rapid identification of airborne bacteria and spores used in biological warfare
  • Instrument: Sheath of filtered air flowing through a dark-field flow illuminated  chamber. Light source was a Ford headlamp, PMT detector (very early use of PMT)
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Friedman
  • Friedman (1950) - combined acid fuchsin, acridine yellow and berberine for uterine  cancer detection using  fluorescence microscopy
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P.J. Crossland-Taylor
  • Sheath Flow Principle


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Watson & Crick
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von Bertalanffy & Bickis
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Early Cell Counter
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The first Coulter Counter
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Wallace Coulter - Coulter orifice - 1948-1956
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Hand-drawn advertising drafts of the first
Coulter Counter
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Historical Overview
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Historical Overview
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Lecture Summary
  • Introduction to course
  • Reading and Support Materials
  • History
  • Technical Highlights